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Unveiling the Truth: Debunking the Lunar Sabbath Theory - Blog #14/16 - Psalms 104:19


The verse Psalms 104:19, which states, “He appointed the moon for seasons: the sun knoweth his going down,” is often brought up in discussions about the Lunar Sabbath theory. Advocates of this theory argue that this verse provides biblical evidence for the Sabbath being determined by the lunar cycle. They interpret the term “seasons” in this verse, which is translated from the Hebrew word “Mo’edim”, to mean “appointments” or “fixed times”, and thus argue that the moon is used to determine these times.

However, this interpretation is not without its challenges. While it’s true that the moon plays a significant role in determining the seasons and certain religious observances, the verse does not explicitly state that the Sabbath is determined by the lunar cycle. The term “Mo’edim” is used in various contexts throughout the Bible, referring not only to the Sabbath but also to other religious observances and events. Therefore, interpreting “Mo’edim” in Psalms 104:19 to refer specifically to the Sabbath can be seen as a selective and narrow interpretation.

In fact, the term “Mo’edim” is used in Leviticus 23 to refer to the “appointed feasts” of the Lord, which include not only the Sabbath but also Passover, the Feast of Weeks, the Feast of Trumpets, the Day of Atonement, and the Feast of Booths. These are all distinct observances, each with their own specific timing and requirements. Therefore, it’s not accurate to equate “Mo’edim” with the Sabbath alone.

Furthermore, the weekly Sabbath, as described in the Bible, follows a seven-day cycle that operates independently of the lunar phases. This is evident in the creation account in Genesis, where God established the Sabbath on the seventh day, marking the end of creation week (Genesis 2:2-3). This event was not tied to any lunar phase.

Historical accounts also provide valuable insights into the observance of the Sabbath. For example, Josephus, a first-century Jewish historian, quotes Agatharchides, a 2nd century BCE Greek Historian, about Ptolemy’s defeat of Jerusalem. The account notes that the Jews, who dwelt in Jerusalem, observed a rest on every seventh day (Antiquities of the Jews, Book 13, Chapter 8). This historical account underscores a weekly Sabbath observance, not a lunar one.

In conclusion, while Psalms 104:19 acknowledges the role of the moon in marking seasons or appointed times, it does not provide explicit evidence for the Lunar Sabbath theory. The interpretation of this verse to support the Lunar Sabbath theory is not universally accepted and is contradicted by other biblical and historical accounts. Therefore, it’s crucial to approach this topic with a discerning mind, considering all available evidence and interpretations.

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